An Antagonistic Peptide of Gpr1 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Depression through the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis

Depression affects the reproductive axis at the hypothalamus and pituitary levels, which has a significant impact on female fertility. It has been reported that G protein-coupled receptor 1 (Gpr1) mRNA is expressed in both the hypothalamus and ovaries. However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between Gpr1 and depression, and its role in ovarian function is unknown. Here, the expression of Gpr1 was recorded in the hypothalamus of normal female mice, and co-localized with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). We established a depression mouse model to evaluate the antidepressant effect of G5, an antagonistic peptide of Gpr1. The results show that an intraperitoneal injection of G5 improves depressant-like behaviors remarkably, including increased sucrose intake in the sucrose preference test and decreased immobility time in the forced swimming tests. Moreover, G5 treatment increased the release of reproductive hormone and the expression of ovarian gene caused by depression. Together, our findings reveal a link between depression and reproductive diseases through Gpr1 signaling, and suggest antagonistic peptide of Gpr1 as a potential therapeutic application for hormone-modulated depression in women.