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Vitamin D Status and Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

Jae-Hun Jung1,2, Eun-Ah Kim1,2, Sang-Yoon Lee1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea.

Nutrients
|July 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency is common in Korean preterm infants, with birth levels being the strongest predictor. Standard supplementation did not improve levels, highlighting the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a prevalent concern in preterm infants.
  • Understanding VDD dynamics in the first year of life is crucial for preterm infant health.
  • Korean preterm infants represent a specific population with potential unique VDD factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vitamin D status and VDD predictors in Korean preterm infants during their first year.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of standard vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) in this population.
  • To identify strategies for preventing neonatal VDD in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 333 preterm infants born between March 2013 and December 2019.
  • Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels at birth, 6 months, and 12 months.
  • Analysis of medical records to identify factors associated with VDD.

Main Results:

  • High incidence of VDD (82.8%) and severe VDD (31.5%) at birth.
  • Significant reduction in VDD incidence by 6 months (30.6%) and 12 months (27.0%).
  • Birth 25-OHD concentration was the strongest predictor of VDD; standard supplementation showed no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal VDD is highly prevalent in Korean preterm infants, with birth levels being a key indicator.
  • Current vitamin D supplementation protocols may be insufficient for this group.
  • Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is recommended to prevent neonatal VDD.

Keywords:
Koreapreterm infantsvitamin D deficiency

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