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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

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Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
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Impact Loading01:19

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Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
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Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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Acute Effects on Impact Accelerations Running with Objects in the Hand.

Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis1,2, Alberto Encarnación-Martínez1, Jose I Priego-Quesada1

  • 1Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
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Recreational runners carrying a mobile phone or water bottle showed slightly higher tibia acceleration. However, these effects are minimal, suggesting no major concern for short races.

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asymmetric handloadsimpact accelerationsrunspatio-temporal parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Running Performance

Background:

  • Amateur runners often carry items like phones or water bottles during runs.
  • Limited research exists on how hand-carried loads affect running impact accelerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of carrying different objects (keys, mobile phone, water bottle) on impact accelerations during running.
  • To analyze changes in spatio-temporal parameters with varying handloads.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen male recreational runners ran on a treadmill at a consistent speed (2.78 m/s) for 20 minutes.
  • Four conditions were tested: no load, keys, mobile phone, and water bottle.
  • Impact accelerations and spatio-temporal data were collected using a wireless triaxial accelerometry system on the tibias and forehead.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in tibia acceleration rate was observed in the dominant leg when running with a mobile phone or a water bottle compared to no load.
  • No significant differences were found in peak acceleration, acceleration magnitude, or shock attenuation across conditions.
  • Stride frequency and step length remained unchanged regardless of the carried object.

Conclusions:

  • Carrying common objects like a mobile phone or water bottle has a minimal effect on impact accelerations in recreational runners.
  • Runners likely do not need to be concerned about these minor increases in acceleration for short-duration running events.