Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper
Published on: February 27, 2021
Calcium Carbonate-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hybrid Materials
Maria E Fortună1, Elena Ungureanu2, Carmen D Jitareanu3
1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry "Petru Poni", 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
Abstract:
In the present work, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) were prepared to obtain new hybrid materials used in papermaking. In the first step, occurred the precipitation of CaCO3 in solution containing CMC at different levels (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). In the second step, PCC-CMC hybrid material (25%) was added to pulp suspension, and the sheets were made. The effect of PCC-CMC on paper properties (mechanical and optical) was systematically investigated. Breaking length, the brightness and opacity of the sheets obtained with the PCC-CMC material were better than the sheets fabricated with the unmodified PCC at similar levels of content.
Related Concept Videos
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect
Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, the boiling points of acid chlorides and esters are very similar and are the lowest in the series. Acid anhydrides have slightly higher boiling...
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...

