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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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Nanopore Technology and Its Applications in Gene Sequencing.

Bo Lin1,2, Jianan Hui1, Hongju Mao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.

Biosensors
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PubMed
Summary

Nanopore sequencing, a fourth-generation gene sequencing technology, analyzes biomacromolecules by measuring electrochemical signals through a nano-scale hole. This innovative technique shows great promise for cancer diagnosis, microbial detection, and genome assembly in biomedical research.

Keywords:
biosensordiagnosis of cancernanopore sequencingnanopore technology

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Area of Science:

  • Life Science
  • Biomedical Research
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanopore technology utilizes a nano-scale hole in a membrane to detect electrochemical signals from biomacromolecules.
  • Oxford Nanopore Technology represents a significant advancement, ushering in the fourth generation of gene sequencing.
  • This technology is crucial for investigating nucleic acids and other large biological molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the operational principles and signal processing technologies of nanopore gene sequencing.
  • To highlight key applications of nanopore gene sequencing in various biomedical fields.
  • To assess the potential of nanopore technology in biological and biomedical sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanopore sequencing principles and signal processing.
  • Documentation of the operational mechanism of nanopore gene sequencing.
  • Compilation and analysis of current applications of nanopore gene sequencing technology.

Main Results:

  • Nanopore sequencing operates by measuring changes in electrical current as molecules pass through a nanopore.
  • Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately interpreting the data generated by nanopore sequencing.
  • Successful applications include cancer diagnosis, pathogen detection, and whole-genome sequencing.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore gene sequencing offers a powerful tool for molecular analysis in life sciences.
  • The technology demonstrates significant potential for advancements in disease diagnosis and microbial identification.
  • Nanopore technology is a promising platform for future developments in biological and biomedical sensing.