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Effects of Orthographic Consistency on Bilingual Reading: Human and Computer Simulation Data.

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Bilingualism may not fully overcome English

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • English orthography is inconsistent, slowing reading acquisition compared to regular orthographies like Italian.
  • Bilingualism's impact on reading speed across languages with varying orthographic consistency is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if long-term bilingualism mitigates orthographic differences in reading speed.
  • To determine if the learning order of languages with different orthographic regularities impacts reading performance.
  • To explore the role of orthographic consistency in bilingual reading.

Main Methods:

  • Studied high-proficiency Italian-English and English-Italian bilinguals with extensive L2 exposure.
  • Utilized the CDP++ connectionist model to simulate sequential orthographic learning.
  • Compared reading speeds for Italian and English stimuli in blocked vs. mixed presentation orders.

Main Results:

  • Reading speed differences were larger for Italian stimuli than English stimuli.
  • Italian-English bilinguals showed language-specific processing advantages when stimuli were blocked.
  • English-Italian bilinguals did not exhibit the same blocked presentation advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Orthographic consistency of the first learned language influences subsequent language learning and reading performance.
  • Bilingual reading is constrained by the orthographic properties of both languages.
  • Connectionist modeling supports the observed effects of orthographic learning order on bilingual reading.