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Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge
Modesto M Maestre-Muñiz1,2, Ángel Arias3,4,5, Emilia Mata-Vázquez1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Insights
One year after COVID-19 hospitalization, a significant number of survivors experienced long-term health issues and ongoing symptoms. Mortality was 7.5%, with many reporting breathlessness and tiredness.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Long-term effects of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are not well understood.
- Investigating post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the one-year health outcomes and mortality in patients discharged after acute COVID-19.
- To identify the prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associated symptoms.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive interview and functional assessment of adult COVID-19 survivors over 65.
- Review of clinical and hospital records to assess mortality causes.
- Evaluation of post-COVID-19 syndrome at one year post-discharge.
Main Results:
- One-year mortality was 7.5% among survivors.
- 90.1% of hospitalized patients and 80.4% of emergency room discharged patients reported clinical complaints.
- Common symptoms included breathlessness (41.6%), tiredness (35.4%), ageusia (30.2%), and anosmia (26.3%).
- New-onset or worsening comorbidities like COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and arthritis were observed.
Conclusions:
- A significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors experience persistent symptoms one year after disease onset.
- The study highlights the substantial burden of long-term health consequences following acute COVID-19.
Background:
The long-term effects of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. This study aims to investigate post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge.
Methods:
All surviving adult patients who were discharged after hospital admission due to acute COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic underwent a comprehensive interview. Functional assessment was performed in patients aged over 65. Clinical and hospital records were reviewed and mortality causes assessed.
Results:
A total of 587 patients with COVID-19 were discharged from hospital, including 266 after hospital admission and 321 from the emergency room. Mortality within the following year occurred in 34/266 (12.8%) and 10/321 (3.1%), respectively, due to causes directly or possibly related to COVID-19 in 20.5% and 25% of patients. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was assessed in 543 patients at one year from discharge. Any clinical complaint was reported by 90.1% of patients who needed hospitalization and 80.4% of those discharged from the emergency room (p = 0.002), with breathlessness (41.6%), tiredness (35.4%), ageusia (30.2%), and anosmia (26.3%) being the most common complaints. Ongoing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 were reported by 66.8% and 49.5% of patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Newly developed COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and arthritis-as well as worsening of preexisting comorbidities-were found.
Conclusions:
One-year mortality among survivors of acute COVID-19 was 7.5%. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced ongoing symptoms at 1 year from onset of the disease.
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