Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

White Matter Changes During Manic and Depressive Episodes and Phase Switching in Bipolar Disorder: A Tractography Study.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Unravelling the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying counterconditioning in humans.

eLife·2026
Same author

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not induce robust psychomotor activation and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)-deficient rats lacking serotonin in the central nervous system.

British journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Genetic Inactivation of the Serotonin Transporter Dysregulates Expression of Neurotransmission Genes and Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Levels in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Male Rats During Postnatal Development.

Developmental neurobiology·2025
Same author

miR-708-5p is elevated in bipolar patients and can induce mood disorder-associated behavior in mice.

EMBO reports·2025
Same author

Altered Protein Kinase A-Dependent Phosphorylation of Cav1.2 in Left Ventricular Myocardium from <i>Cacna1c</i> Haploinsufficient Rat Hearts.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
05:49

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Published on: October 13, 2018

12.4K

Fear Extinction and Predictive Trait-Like Inter-Individual Differences in Rats Lacking the Serotonin Transporter.

Maria Willadsen1, Metin Üngör2, Anna Sługocka3

  • 1Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serotonin transporter (SERT) deficiency impairs fear memory extinction in rats, altering ultrasonic vocalizations and increasing immobility. Anxiety-related behaviors predict extinction success.

Keywords:
5-HTTSERTalarm callsanxietycognitionfear conditioningfreezingnovelty-seekingpainultrasonic vocalizations

More Related Videos

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K
Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
04:14

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Published on: November 22, 2024

791

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
05:49

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Published on: October 13, 2018

12.4K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.7K
Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
04:14

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Published on: November 22, 2024

791

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders involve impaired fear memory extinction.
  • The serotonergic system, specifically the serotonin transporter (SERT), regulates anxiety and fear.
  • SERT plays a crucial role in fear memory processing and extinction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of SERT deficiency on fear extinction in a differential fear conditioning paradigm.
  • To analyze fear-related behaviors (immobility, ultrasonic vocalizations) during acquisition, extinction, and recovery phases.
  • To determine if individual differences in behavior predict fear extinction outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a differential fear conditioning paradigm in male and female rats with and without SERT.
  • Quantified immobility and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) to measure fear-related behavior.
  • Assessed trait-like individual differences in novelty-seeking, anxiety, learning, cognition, and pain sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • SERT deficiency significantly reduced 22-kHz USV emission across all phases (acquisition, extinction, recovery).
  • While immobility was unaffected during acquisition, SERT-deficient rats showed increased immobility during extinction and recovery.
  • Anxiety-related behavior was the strongest predictor of fear extinction success among individual difference measures.

Conclusions:

  • SERT deficiency impairs fear extinction, primarily evidenced by altered ultrasonic vocalizations and increased immobility during recovery.
  • Sex differences in fear extinction were observed.
  • Anxiety-related behavior is a key factor influencing the ability to extinguish fear memories.