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The Use of Natural Compounds as a Strategy to Counteract Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus
Marcela Salazar-García1, Juan Carlos Corona2
1Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycaemia, a characteristic symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM substantially affects numerous metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, impaired lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can affect the body's normal physiological function and cause numerous cellular and molecular changes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Animal models are useful for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DM and improving novel therapeutics for their safe use in human beings. Due to their health benefits, there is significant interest in a wide range of natural compounds that can act as naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds. Due to rodent models' relatively similar physiology to humans and ease of handling and housing, they are widely used as pre-clinical models for studying several metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyse the currently available rodent animal models of DM and their advantages and disadvantages and highlight the potential anti-oxidative effects of natural compounds and their mechanisms of action.
Insights
Rodent models are crucial for studying diabetes mellitus (DM) and developing new treatments. This review examines rodent models and natural compounds with antioxidant properties for diabetes management.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Metabolic Disorders
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia.
- DM impacts multiple pathways, including beta-cell function, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key cellular changes in DM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review available rodent animal models for diabetes mellitus research.
- To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various rodent models.
- To highlight natural compounds with potential anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of rodent models used in diabetes research.
- Analysis of studies on natural compounds with anti-diabetic properties.
- Examination of the mechanisms of action of these natural compounds, focusing on antioxidant effects.
Main Results:
- Rodent models offer valuable insights into DM mechanisms due to physiological similarities to humans.
- Various rodent models exist, each with specific advantages and limitations for DM research.
- Natural compounds demonstrate significant potential as anti-diabetic agents through antioxidant pathways.
Conclusions:
- Rodent models are indispensable for preclinical diabetes research and therapeutic development.
- Natural compounds, particularly those with antioxidant properties, represent a promising avenue for novel diabetes treatments.
- Further research into natural compounds and their mechanisms in rodent models can advance diabetes care.
