Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 30, 2025
06:15
A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
13.1K
Revictimization Patterns Among Unhoused Youth
Naomi M Wright1, Tara Milligan1, Kimberly Bender1
1University of Denver, CO, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|July 2, 2021
Summary
Childhood trauma increases risk for revictimization in homeless youth. Psychological distress, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, acts as a pathway for this increased risk.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Criminology
- Social Work
Background:
- Young people experiencing houselessness face high risks of revictimization.
- Psychological distress symptoms may mediate the link between initial victimization and subsequent revictimization in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the indirect effect of pre-homelessness interpersonal victimization on revictimization among houseless youth.
- To investigate the mediating roles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional mediation analyses were conducted with 245 houseless youth residing in a shelter.
- Data on victimization history (before and after leaving home) and psychological distress (PTSD, depression) were collected via interviews and questionnaires.
Main Results:
- High rates of victimization were reported both before (92%) and after (75%) leaving home.
- Childhood victimization significantly predicted revictimization after leaving home.
- PTSD and depression symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between childhood victimization and revictimization.
Conclusions:
- Childhood victimization is a significant risk factor for revictimization among houseless youth, mediated by psychological distress.
- Findings support the state-dependence theory of victimization.
- Interventions should address childhood trauma consequences and implement trauma-informed support systems for houseless youth.
Related Concept Videos
02:04Bullying
8.6K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.6K
01:27Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
122
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
122
01:24Attachment Styles
43
Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
43
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
246
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
246
01:20Traumatic Memory
326
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
326
01:28Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles
81
Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...
81