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Lymphocyte subset alterations with disease severity, imaging manifestation, and delayed hospitalization in COVID-19
Daxian Wu1, Xiaoping Wu1, Jiansheng Huang1
1Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
Insights
COVID-19 severity is linked to lower T cell, CD4+ T cell, and B cell counts. Lymphocyte subset counts, not proportions, significantly change with disease severity, CT imaging, and delayed hospitalization.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- COVID-19 poses a significant global health threat.
- Understanding lymphocyte subset dynamics is crucial for assessing disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients.
- To correlate these changes with disease severity, CT imaging findings, and delayed hospitalization.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocyte subsets.
- Peripheral blood samples were collected from 106 COVID-19 patients.
Main Results:
- Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly lower counts of T cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells.
- T cell counts decreased with increased lesion infiltration on CT scans.
- Lymphocyte subset counts, particularly T cells and their subtypes, decreased with delayed hospitalization in severe cases.
Conclusions:
- T lymphocyte subsets are negatively correlated with COVID-19 severity, CT manifestations, and delayed hospitalization.
- Changes in the counts of lymphocyte subsets are more pronounced than alterations in their proportions.
Background:
COVID-19 continuously threated public health heavily. Present study aimed to investigate the lymphocyte subset alterations with disease severity, imaging manifestation, and delayed hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
Lymphocyte subsets was classified using flow cytometry with peripheral blood collected from 106 patients.
Results:
Multivariate logistic regression showed that chest tightness, lymphocyte count, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were the independent predictors for severe COVID-19. The T cell, CD4+ T cell and B cell counts in severe patients were significantly lower than that in mild patients (p = 0.004, 0.003 and 0.046, respectively). Only the T cell count was gradually decreased with the increase of infiltrated quadrants of lesions in computed tomography (CT) (p = 0.043). The T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell counts were gradually decreased with the increase of infiltrated area of the maximum lesion in CT (p = 0.002, 0.003, 0.028; respectively). For severe patients, the counts of T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell gradually decreased with the increased delayed hospitalization (p = 0.001, 0.03, and < 0.001, respectively). The proportions of T cell, CD8+ T cell gradually decreased with the increased delayed hospitalization (both p < 0.001), but the proportions of NK cell, B cell gradually increased with the increased delayed hospitalization (p = 0.007, and 0.002, respectively). For mild patients, only the NK cell count was gradually decreased with the increased delayed hospitalization (p = 0.012).
Conclusion:
T lymphocyte and its subset negatively correlated with disease severity, CT manifestation and delayed hospitalization. The counts of lymphocyte subset were changed more profound than their proportions.
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