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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Root Microcracks Formation during Root Canal Instrumentation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files.

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  • 1Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Phone: +212 662222918,

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Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments create dentinal cracks regardless of motion. Reciprocating motion instruments showed fewer cracks than continuous rotation ones, with manual and rotary NiTi systems being superior to single-file systems.

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Continuous rotationDentinal cracksNickel-titanium rotary files Reciprocating motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Root canal preparation is crucial for endodontic success.
  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are widely used for root canal shaping.
  • Different motion kinematics (continuous rotation vs. reciprocating) may influence dentinal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare dentinal crack formation using NiTi instruments with continuous rotation versus reciprocating motion.
  • To evaluate the influence of different NiTi systems on dentinal microcrack generation.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted human mandibular first molars were used.
  • Root canals were prepared using K-files (control), ProTaper Universal (manual and rotary), One Shape, and WaveOne systems.
  • Prepared roots were sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope for dentinal microcracks.

Main Results:

  • No cracks were observed with K-files.
  • Cracks occurred in 15.6% (manual PTU), 12.4% (rotary PTU), 21.9% (OS), and 6.2% (WO) of samples.
  • The One Shape system showed the highest incidence of cracks, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Dentinal crack formation is independent of motion kinematics.
  • Reciprocating motion instruments may lead to fewer dentinal cracks compared to continuous rotation.
  • Manual and rotary NiTi sequential systems demonstrated fewer microcracks than single-file systems in continuous rotation.