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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.7K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Motional Emf01:22

Motional Emf

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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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Faraday's Law01:10

Faraday's Law

4.8K
Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Recent advances in SmFe12-based permanent magnets.

Y K Takahashi1, H Sepehri-Amin1, T Ohkubo1

  • 1Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stronger permanent magnets are needed for green technology. Researchers reviewed SmFe12-based compounds, a potential alternative to Nd-Fe-B magnets, for applications in electric vehicles and wind turbines.

Keywords:
203 Magnetics / Spintronics / Superconductors40 OpticalPermanent magnetSm(Fe-Co)12ThMn12coercivitymagnetic and electronic device materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Green Technology

Background:

  • Sustainable societies require green technologies with low CO2 emissions.
  • Permanent magnets are crucial for efficient electric-power conversion in applications like electric vehicles (EVs) and wind turbines.
  • Current neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets may not be sufficient for future high-efficiency applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phase stability, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe-rich SmFe12-based compounds.
  • To evaluate SmFe12-based materials as potential candidates for next-generation permanent magnets.
  • To discuss pathways for realizing strong SmFe12-based permanent magnets in bulk form.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SmFe12-based compounds in both film and bulk forms.
  • Analysis of phase stability and crystal structure.
  • Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic properties.

Main Results:

  • SmFe12-based compounds with a ThMn12 structure show potential as strong permanent magnets.
  • Understanding phase stability and structural characteristics is key to optimizing magnetic properties.
  • Both film and bulk forms were considered, with a focus on bulk realization.

Conclusions:

  • Fe-rich SmFe12-based compounds are promising candidates for stronger permanent magnets.
  • Further research into bulk SmFe12-based materials is necessary for practical applications.
  • Developing these magnets is vital for advancing green technologies and energy efficiency.