Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease patients

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Dermatology
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Leg ulcers are the most frequent skin complication in sickle cell disease (SCD).
• These ulcers predominantly affect individuals with homozygous SCD (HbSS).
• The lesions are characterized by slow healing and frequent recurrence, leading to significant patient burden.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the clinical presentation of sickle cell leg ulcers.
• To discuss the diagnostic approaches for these chronic wounds.
• To explore the underlying pathophysiology and treatment implications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical studies, case reports, and reviews on sickle cell leg ulcers.
• Analysis of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic interventions.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

• Sickle cell leg ulcers present with characteristic features and are often misdiagnosed.
• Pathophysiology involves vaso-occlusion, chronic inflammation, and impaired wound healing.
• Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, addressing underlying SCD and wound care.

Conclusions:

• Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective management.
• Understanding the pathophysiology guides tailored treatment strategies.
• Improved management can mitigate the physical, emotional, and economic impact on patients.