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Outcomes in Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus Treated with Surgery
Sergio Isidro Gamboa-Hoil1, Andrés Martínez-Cornelio1, Narciso Hernández-Toríz1
1Oncology Hospital, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City.
Introduction:
Renal cell carcinoma can invade through the renal vein into the inferior vena cava, and can extend intraluminally, with tumor-thrombus formation.
Methods:
Retrospective study from January 2003 to August 2016. Surgical outcomes were analyzed. Neves classification was used for patient categorization. Kaplan Meier and Log-Rank test were used for survival analysis.
Results:
A total of 134 patients were included, 69 males (51.4%) and 65 females (49%), M:F ratio 1.06:1. Tumor size, bleeding and surgical time were higher in level IV thrombi (mean 16.1cm, 3 064ml and 6.5hrs, respectively), compared to level I (8.5cm, 1033ml and 3.1hrs, respectively). A higher frequency of positive lymph nodes was observed in levels III and IV compared with levels I and II (49% vs. 17.7%, p=0.0001). Distant metastases were observed in 36 pts. (27%). Overall surgical mortality was 4.5%. 5-year overall survival was 63%. We observed a 5-year survival in patients with level I-II 82% and level III and IV 46%.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest the benefit for the patient of an aggressive surgical approach with an acceptable mortality and 5-year survival rate. The results obtained justify an aggressive surgical approach to these tumors.
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