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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A.

F Aharonian1,2, Q An3,4, Axikegu5

  • 1Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland.

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|July 2, 2021
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The Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) discovered an extended very-high-energy gamma-ray source near pulsar PSR J0622+3749. This finding supports the pulsar halo model, suggesting slow diffusion of high-energy particles around pulsars.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy astrophysics
  • Gamma-ray astronomy
  • Pulsar physics

Background:

  • Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars emitting beams of radiation.
  • Understanding particle acceleration and diffusion around pulsars is crucial for high-energy astrophysics.
  • Previous observations have identified extended gamma-ray sources around some pulsars, termed pulsar halos.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for and characterize very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission around the middle-aged pulsar PSR J0622+3749.
  • To investigate the origin and properties of VHE gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of pulsars.
  • To test the pulsar halo scenario and constrain particle diffusion in the interstellar medium.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing data from the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) to detect VHE gamma-ray signals.
  • Applying a Gaussian template to analyze the spatial distribution and significance of the detected source.
  • Performing spectral analysis to determine the energy distribution of the gamma rays.
  • Comparing observational data with theoretical models, including the pulsar halo scenario.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of an extended VHE gamma-ray source around PSR J0622+3749 with a significance of 8.2σ for energies above 25 TeV.
  • The source exhibits an extension of 0.40°±0.07° and its spectrum follows a power-law with an index of -2.92±0.17.
  • No clear multiwavelength counterpart was identified from radio to sub-TeV bands.
  • The inferred diffusion coefficient for VHE electrons is consistent with other known pulsar halos.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered VHE gamma-ray source is likely a pulsar halo, enriching the known population of such objects.
  • The findings support the scenario where VHE electrons escape from the pulsar, diffuse, and scatter interstellar radiation.
  • The study confirms that high-energy particles diffuse slowly in the disturbed interstellar medium surrounding pulsars.
  • This discovery provides further evidence for the pulsar halo model and its implications for particle propagation in the galaxy.