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Related Concept Videos

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Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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"Eyeing" corneal stem cell identity, dynamics, and compartmentalization.

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Cell Stem Cell
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Mammalian corneal health relies on lifelong stem cell activity. Researchers identified two distinct stem cell populations, "active" and "quiescent," crucial for maintaining the cornea.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The mammalian cornea requires continuous self-renewal for lifelong function.
  • Stem cells are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct stem cell populations in the mammalian cornea.
  • To understand the functional roles of these stem cell populations in corneal health.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze genetic signatures of corneal cells.
  • In vivo studies to assess the function of identified stem cell populations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of two distinct corneal stem cell populations: an 'active' and a 'quiescent' population.
  • These populations exhibit diverse functional roles and genetic profiles.
  • Both populations are critical for supporting overall corneal health and integrity.

Conclusions:

  • The mammalian cornea is maintained by at least two distinct stem cell populations.
  • Understanding these populations offers insights into corneal regeneration and disease.
  • Targeting these stem cells may hold therapeutic potential for ocular surface disorders.