A Survey on Variation in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chorioamnionitis in Tertiary Centres in Canada

Clinical detection and management of chorioamnionitis is challenging given the gold-standard for diagnosis remains placental pathology, the results of which are only available after delivery. Moreover, recommended diagnostic criteria for clinical chorioamnionitis have evolved over time. The goal of this study was to describe trends and differences in chorioamnionitis diagnostic and management practices in Canada.

We surveyed obstetric care providers participating in the Canadian Preterm Birth Network. Questionnaires were distributed electronically to all 29 sites and completed by 1 maternal-fetal medicine investigator at each site.

The response rate was 82.8% (n = 24). There was considerable variation in the clinical criteria used to diagnose chorioamnionitis with 9 of 22 sites stating this occurs "frequently" or "very frequently." Isolated fever was "always" or "most of the time" used as an indication to start empiric antibiotic therapy in 14 of 24 sites, and 21 of 23 sites used the same diagnostic criteria for term and preterm deliveries. Placental histology (15 sites) and white blood cell count (14 sites) were the most common clinical tests performed to confirm chorioamnionitis. A combination of ampicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics was used at 12 sites. Another frequently used antibiotic therapy was cefazolin and metronidazole (4 sites).

There is a wide variation in practices for the diagnosis and management of chorioamnionitis across Canada. The results of this study will guide efforts to improve and standardize the management of this condition.