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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Neuromodulation in Pediatric Epilepsy.

Irfan Ali¹, Kim Houck¹

¹Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1250, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Neurologic Clinics

|July 3, 2021

Summary

Neuromodulation, using electrical impulses to alter brain activity, is increasingly used for pediatric epilepsy. This review covers neurostimulation therapies, their history, and current use in children.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Neuromodulation involves electrical stimulation of the nervous system to manage neurological conditions.
Current neuromodulation therapies for epilepsy, including vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation, are primarily validated in adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the existing literature on neuromodulation for pediatric epilepsy.
To provide historical context and outline current principles of neurostimulation therapy in children.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on neuromodulation for epilepsy in pediatric patients.
Analysis of historical development and current applications of neurostimulation techniques.

Main Results:

Keywords:

DBS Epilepsy Neuromodulation Neurostimulation RNS Refractory epilepsy TMS VNS

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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The application of neurostimulation therapy for intractable epilepsy in children is expanding.
Established neuromodulation options show efficacy, but pediatric-specific data is crucial.

Conclusions:

Neurostimulation is a growing treatment modality for pediatric epilepsy.
Further research and tailored approaches are needed to optimize neuromodulation in children.