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Blood Pressure01:30

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
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The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Association between pubertal development and elevated blood pressure in children.

Yanhui Li1, Yanhui Dong1, Zhiyong Zou1

  • 1Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|July 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pubertal development significantly impacts children's blood pressure (BP), with early puberty linked to higher BP and elevated blood pressure (EBP) risk. This association is stronger in girls, highlighting the need for monitoring pubertal changes.

Keywords:
blood pressurechildren and adolescentshypertensionpubertal developmentpubertal timing

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Blood pressure (BP) increases with age and height, but the influence of pubertal development on pediatric BP remains unclear.
  • Understanding factors affecting BP during childhood is crucial for long-term cardiovascular health.
  • Pubertal development represents a significant physiological change that may impact BP regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pubertal development and blood pressure levels in children.
  • To determine if pubertal timing and onset influence the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) in pediatric populations.
  • To explore potential sex differences in the relationship between pubertal development and BP.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 4146 Chinese children aged 7-12 years.
  • Assessment of pubertal development using Tanner stages for breast development and testicular volume.
  • Statistical analysis using multiple linear and logistic regressions to quantify associations between pubertal status, BP, and EBP.

Main Results:

  • Pubertal development was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  • Children experiencing puberty onset or early pubertal timing exhibited higher BP levels and increased odds of EBP.
  • Adjusted analyses showed significant increases in BP and odds of EBP, elevated systolic blood pressure (ESBP), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (EDBP) for those with puberty onset.
  • The association between pubertal development and BP was more pronounced in girls than in boys.

Conclusions:

  • Pubertal development is an independent factor and a critical period for the progression of elevated blood pressure in children.
  • Monitoring pubertal development is essential for managing and preventing EBP, particularly in girls.
  • Early identification and intervention related to pubertal status may help mitigate risks for elevated blood pressure in childhood.