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Plant cytochrome P450 plasticity and evolution.

Cecilie Cetti Hansen1, David R Nelson2, Birger Lindberg Møller1

  • 1Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Molecular Plant
|July 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are crucial for plant evolution and metabolism. This review details the CYP landscape in green algae and land plants, revealing conserved and unique clans and their roles in metabolic pathway evolution.

Keywords:
convergent evolutiondiversificationfunctionalitiesgreen algaeland plantsneofunctionalizationplant metabolismpromiscuity

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and evolution
  • Enzymology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are vital for plant metabolic diversification and evolution.
  • Understanding the CYP landscape across plant lineages is crucial for deciphering metabolic innovations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily in green algae and land plants.
  • To explore the evolutionary dynamics and functional plasticity of CYPs in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of CYP gene families across green algae and land plants.
  • Review of literature on CYP evolution, substrate promiscuity, and neofunctionalization.
  • Examination of biosynthetic pathways demonstrating convergent evolution of CYPs.

Main Results:

  • All 11 conserved CYP clans found in vascular plants are present in green algae; several green algae-specific clans are also identified.
  • CYP clans 71, 72, and 85 are the largest, with numerous lineage-specific subfamilies indicating the emergence of unique pathways.
  • High substrate promiscuity in large CYP families facilitates gene duplication and neofunctionalization, driving the acquisition of new metabolic functions.

Conclusions:

  • The CYP landscape in green algae and land plants shows significant conservation and lineage-specific diversification.
  • CYP evolution is characterized by plasticity, neofunctionalization, and convergent recruitment, enabling adaptation to diverse environmental pressures.
  • The Plant P450 Database provides a valuable resource for functionally characterized plant CYPs.