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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors
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Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

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The INPP4B paradox: Like PTEN, but different.

Sabryn A Hamila1, Lisa M Ooms1, Samuel J Rodgers1

  • 1Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.

Advances in Biological Regulation
|July 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) acts as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in cancer. Understanding its dual role is key to developing new cancer treatments.

Keywords:
CancerInositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase (INPP4B)OncogenePhosphate and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)Phosphoinositide signallingTumour suppressor

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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Last Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors
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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cancer is driven by dysregulated genes, historically classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
  • Dual-role cancer driver genes exhibit context-dependent functions, complicating cancer mechanism understanding.
  • Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) is an emerging dual-role gene, primarily known for regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dualistic role of INPP4B in cancer development, progression, and treatment.
  • To compare INPP4B with PTEN to elucidate factors influencing their diverging roles in tumorigenesis.
  • To highlight the knowledge gap in understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of dual-role cancer genes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on INPP4B function in various cancers.
  • Comparative analysis of INPP4B and PTEN in the context of PI3K/AKT signaling.
  • Exploration of proposed mechanisms for INPP4B's oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions.

Main Results:

  • INPP4B functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate, thyroid, and basal-like breast cancers.
  • INPP4B acts as an oncogene in AML, melanoma, and colon cancers.
  • Proposed oncogenic mechanisms include promoting PtdIns(3)P-dependent SGK3 signaling and enhancing DNA repair.

Conclusions:

  • INPP4B exhibits context-dependent oncogenic and tumor suppressive activities.
  • The precise mechanisms dictating INPP4B's dual role require further investigation.
  • Understanding INPP4B's complex functions is crucial for targeted cancer therapies.