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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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Notch signaling mediates olfactory multiciliated cell specification.

Sriivatsan G Rajan1, Lynne M Nacke1, Jagjot S Dhingra1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

Cells & Development
|July 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified the origins and development of olfactory multiciliated cells (OMCCs) in zebrafish. Notch signaling normally represses OMCC fate, and its downregulation increases OMCC numbers during development.

Keywords:
Cell fate specificationMulticiliated cellNotch signalingOlfactory development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiciliated cells (MCCs) are crucial for fluid transport in organs like the respiratory and reproductive systems.
  • While MCC development is studied in many organs, it remains poorly understood in the olfactory system.
  • Olfactory multiciliated cells (OMCCs) play a role in olfaction, but their developmental pathways are largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins and differentiation of olfactory multiciliated cells (OMCCs) in zebrafish.
  • To characterize the role of Notch signaling in OMCC development.
  • To identify key genes regulated by Notch signaling during OMCC differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Live cell tracking to monitor OMCC development in vivo.
  • Targeted cell ablation to determine cell lineage.
  • Temporally-specific inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.
  • Analysis of gene expression for differentiation markers like foxj1a and foxj1b.

Main Results:

  • OMCCs in zebrafish are derived from peridermal cells.
  • The earliest time window for OMCC differentiation was identified.
  • Notch signaling is regionally segregated and its downregulation increases OMCC numbers, indicating repressed fate.
  • Notch signaling regulates the expression of foxj1a and foxj1b, key genes for differentiation and ciliogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • This study elucidates the cellular origins and developmental programming of OMCCs in zebrafish.
  • Notch signaling plays a critical role in repressing OMCC fate in a region-specific manner during olfactory development.
  • The findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing OMCC differentiation and ciliogenesis.