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Supervised Injection Facilities as Harm Reduction: A Systematic Review
Timothy W Levengood1, Grace H Yoon1, Melissa J Davoust1
1Department of Health, Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|July 5, 2021
Summary
Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) reduce overdose deaths and improve care access for people who inject drugs. These harm reduction sites do not increase community crime or public nuisance.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Substance Use Interventions
- Harm Reduction
Background:
- Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are health-supervised sites for drug consumption.
- Despite U.S. federal illegality, cities consider SIFs due to the overdose crisis.
- This review assesses SIF effectiveness for harm reduction and community outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of supervised injection facilities (SIFs).
- To compare SIFs against control conditions for harm reduction.
- To assess community outcomes associated with SIF implementation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 22 studies.
- Included a 2014 review and an updated search (2014-2019).
- Screening and analysis followed Guide to Community Preventive Services methods.
Main Results:
- SIFs associated with reduced opioid overdose morbidity and mortality.
- Improvements in injection behaviors and harm reduction practices observed.
- Enhanced access to addiction treatment and no increase in crime or public nuisance.
Conclusions:
- SIFs may decrease overdose risks for people who inject drugs.
- SIFs can improve access to essential health and addiction services.
- SIFs appear to have neutral or positive effects on community safety.
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