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High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Linnea Haggård1, Ida Glimberg2, Benjamin Lebwohl3,4

  • 1Department Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|July 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is higher in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) than in the general population. Screening for CD may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with AIH.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and celiac disease (CD) are immune-mediated conditions.
  • Previous studies reported variable prevalence of CD in AIH patients.
  • A clear understanding of CD prevalence in AIH is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science.
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Data from eligible studies were pooled using a fixed-effect inverse variance-weighted model.

Main Results:

  • The pooled prevalence of biopsy-verified CD in AIH patients was 3.5% (95% CI: 1.6%-5.3%).
  • Including studies with serology-diagnosed CD, the pooled prevalence was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1%-3.8%).
  • The prevalence of CD in AIH is significantly higher than the general population (approximately 1%).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with AIH exhibit a higher prevalence of celiac disease compared to the general population.
  • Consideration of celiac disease screening in patients diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
AIHautoimmune hepatitisceliac diseasecoeliac diseasemeta-analysisprevalence

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