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Implicit motor learning in primary school children: A systematic review.

Femke van Abswoude¹, Remo Mombarg², Wouter de Groot²

¹Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Sports Sciences

|July 5, 2021

Summary

Implicit and explicit motor learning paradigms show similar effectiveness in children. However, methodological quality in studies needs improvement for clearer conclusions on motor skill development.

Keywords:

Motor learning children explicit learning implicit learning systematic review

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Area of Science:

Motor Learning
Developmental Psychology
Pediatric Rehabilitation

Background:

Implicit and explicit motor learning are crucial for skill acquisition in children.
Understanding their effectiveness in typically developing children and those with developmental disorders is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and assess the evidence and methodological quality of studies on implicit and explicit motor learning in children.
To compare the efficacy of implicit versus explicit learning paradigms.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of experimental studies on motor learning in children published up to April 2020.
Evaluation of 25 included studies based on methodological quality, paradigm used, and evidence level.

Main Results:

Implicit and explicit motor learning paradigms demonstrated comparable effectiveness in both typically developing children and children with developmental disorders.
Most studies utilized experimental designs with upper limb aiming tasks; few were conducted outside laboratory settings.
Methodological quality varied, with a significant limitation being the infrequent use of manipulation checks (52%).

Conclusions:

Both implicit and explicit motor learning are effective in pediatric populations.
Improving methodological rigor, including retention testing, control groups, manipulation checks, and assessing covariates (working memory, age, motor competence), is essential for advancing research in this field.