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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

1.5K
When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
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The TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum.

O M Coddington1, E C Richard1, D Harber1

  • 1Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA.

Geophysical Research Letters
|July 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new solar irradiance spectrum for solar minimum conditions was created using Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) data. This provides a crucial reference for solar energy research and climate modeling.

Keywords:
High accuracyhigh resolutionnew reference spectrumsolar irradiance

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Area of Science:

  • Space and Earth Science
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Solar Physics

Background:

  • Accurate solar irradiance spectra are essential for understanding Earth's climate and the Sun's influence.
  • Previous solar reference spectra have limitations in spectral coverage and absolute accuracy, especially during solar minimum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new, highly accurate solar irradiance reference spectrum for solar minimum conditions.
  • To provide a reliable dataset for climate modeling and solar energy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) and CubeSat Compact SIM (CSIM).
  • Applied a modified spectral ratio method to normalize high-resolution solar line data.
  • Integrated multiple ground-based and balloon observation datasets for comprehensive spectral coverage.

Main Results:

  • Developed the TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum (HSRS) covering 202-2730 nm.
  • Achieved high spectral resolution (0.01 to ~0.001 nm).
  • Demonstrated low uncertainties: 0.3% within 460-2365 nm and 1.3% outside this range.

Conclusions:

  • The TSIS-1 HSRS represents a significant advancement in solar irradiance referencing.
  • This new spectrum offers improved accuracy for solar minimum conditions, crucial for climate studies.
  • The HSRS serves as a vital tool for validating solar instruments and improving climate models.