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Spontaneous Kidney Rupture: Two Case Reports With Unusual Presentations.
Abdullah H Yavuzsan1, Ibrahim H Baloğlu1, Ahmet T Albayrak1
1Urology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, TUR.
Cureus
|July 5, 2021
Summary
Spontaneous kidney rupture, often caused by atrophic-hydronephrotic kidney or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), necessitates urgent surgical intervention, especially in cases of hemodynamic instability. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Sudden-onset abdominal pain can indicate serious intra-abdominal pathology.
- Spontaneous kidney rupture is a rare but critical condition requiring prompt evaluation.
Observation:
- Two male patients presented with acute abdominal pain and significant retroperitoneal hematomas.
- Case 1: A 20-year-old male with a large left-sided hematoma and non-visualized kidney on CT.
- Case 2: A 38-year-old male with a left perirenal hematoma and history of hypertension.
Findings:
- Diagnostic laparotomy in Case 1 revealed a ruptured atrophic-hydronephrotic kidney.
- Left nephrectomy was performed in both cases due to the severity of bleeding and hemodynamic instability.
- Pathology in Case 2 identified renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as the underlying cause.
Implications:
- Spontaneous kidney rupture is a surgical emergency.
- Atrophic-hydronephrotic kidney and renal cell carcinoma are identified as potential causes.
- Hemodynamic instability mandates immediate surgical intervention for kidney rupture.
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