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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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A Review of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Immunopathogenesis

Corey Saraceni1, John Birk1

  • 1University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Farmington, CT, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
|July 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) cause significant global health issues like cirrhosis and cancer. While HBV vaccines are effective, HCV

Area of Science:

  • * Hepatology and Virology: Focus on viral hepatitis pathogenesis and immunology.
  • * Infectious Diseases: Addressing global health burdens of HBV and HCV.
  • * Immunology: Examining host immune response to viral infections.

Background:

  • * Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrates into host DNA, complicating chronic infection eradication.
  • * Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus with high mutation rates, leading to immune evasion and chronicity.
  • * Both viruses are major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the immunopathogenesis of HBV and HCV.
  • * To explore viral properties enabling immune system evasion.
  • * To discuss vaccine efficacy, limitations, and current/future treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of HBV and HCV immunopathogenesis.
  • * Analysis of viral characteristics influencing host immune response.
  • * Evaluation of vaccine development, efficacy, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • * HBV vaccine development has reduced transmission, but chronic infection persists.
  • * HCV's high mutation rate hinders vaccine development and contributes to treatment failures.
  • * Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) achieve high sustained virologic response rates (85-99%) but are not universally effective.

Conclusions:

  • * Understanding viral immunopathogenesis is crucial for combating HBV and HCV.
  • * Further therapeutic advancements are necessary to address treatment failures and achieve complete viral clearance.
  • * Continued research into host-virus interactions is key for developing improved vaccines and treatments.

Keywords:
Hepatitis B immunopathogenesisHepatitis C immunopathogenesis

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