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Early Life Microbial Exposure and Immunity Training Effects on Asthma Development and Progression
Andressa Daronco Cereta1, Vinícius Rosa Oliveira2,3, Ivan Peres Costa4
1School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Frontiers in Medicine
|July 5, 2021
Summary
Early life environmental exposures can disrupt the microbiome, leading to immune system dysbiosis and increased asthma risk. Prevention strategies during pregnancy and postnatally may mitigate these effects.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Asthma is a prevalent inflammatory lung disease.
- Early life environmental factors and microbiome alterations impact immune development.
- Immune dysbiosis in early life increases susceptibility to allergic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review risk factors in early life that alter lung immunity and microbiome development.
- To explore the link between dysbiosis and asthma development from childhood to adulthood.
- To discuss potential preventive strategies during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on early life exposures, microbiome, and immune development.
- Analysis of evidence linking environmental factors to asthma pathogenesis.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on immune training and prevention strategies.
Main Results:
- Early life environmental insults can lead to microbiome dysbiosis, affecting lung immune development.
- Altered immune responses due to dysbiosis are associated with increased asthma risk.
- Immune modulation during pregnancy shows promise for preventing allergic airway inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Environmental factors significantly influence early-life immune programming and asthma risk via microbiome changes.
- Targeting the microbiome and immune system during critical developmental windows offers potential for asthma prevention.
- Further research into prenatal and postnatal interventions is crucial for combating childhood asthma.
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