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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

41.2K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
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Proprioception revisited: where do we stand?

Jennifer L Shadrach1,2, Julieta Gomez-Frittelli2,3, Julia A Kaltschmidt1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Current Opinion in Physiology
|July 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Proprioception, or

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The concept of 'muscle sense' dates back to the 19th century.
  • Sherrington's 20th-century work established proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints as crucial for movement control.
  • Proprioception involves sensory neurons innervating these structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the molecular diversity of the proprioceptive sensorimotor system.
  • To summarize current knowledge on sensorimotor circuit development.
  • To explore mechanisms integrating proprioceptive feedback into spinal locomotion circuits.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It focuses on molecular and developmental aspects of proprioception.
  • The review examines mechanisms of proprioceptive feedback integration.

Main Results:

  • Recent work is defining the molecular underpinnings of proprioception.
  • Understanding of sensorimotor circuit formation during development is advancing.
  • Mechanisms for integrating proprioceptive feedback in locomotion are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular diversity of the proprioceptive system is increasingly understood.
  • Developmental processes shape sensorimotor circuits.
  • Proprioceptive feedback integration is key for locomotion in health and disease.