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Online single-session interventions for Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised

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This study compares two digital mental health interventions for Kenyan adolescents. Both Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT showed greater improvements than a control group, offering potential for wider youth mental health support.

Keywords:
adolescent psychiatryanxietybriefcognitive behavioural therapydepressionpsychotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Digital Health Interventions

Background:

  • Adolescent mental health issues are a leading cause of global disability, with limited treatment access.
  • Brief digital interventions show promise for youth mental health, but effectiveness varies.
  • This study addresses the need to identify effective digital interventions for adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of two distinct digital single-session interventions: Shamiri-Digital and Digital-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
  • To compare these interventions against a study-skills control group among Kenyan adolescents.
  • To assess primary outcomes including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and subjective well-being.

Main Methods:

  • A school-based comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial involving 926 Kenyan adolescents.
  • Random assignment to Shamiri-Digital (gratitude, growth mindset, values), Digital-CBT (behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving), or a study-skills control.
  • Primary outcomes measured using validated scales (PHQ-8, GAD-7, SWEMWBS) at baseline and 2, 4, and 12 weeks post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Hypothesized that both Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT groups will show significantly greater improvements in mental health outcomes compared to the control group.
  • Hierarchical linear models will be used to analyze the data.
  • No pre-specified hypothesis for the direct comparison between Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT.

Conclusions:

  • Findings will inform the evaluation of two digital single-session interventions with different theoretical underpinnings.
  • Effective digital interventions could significantly reduce the public health burden of common adolescent mental health problems.
  • This research supports the potential scalability of digital mental health solutions for youth.