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NAD+-targeting by bacteria: an emerging weapon in pathogenesis.

Morgane Roussin1, Suzana P Salcedo1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.

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|July 5, 2021
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Summary

Pathogenic bacteria target nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to disrupt host cells and evade immunity. Understanding these bacterial NAD+-targeting toxins is crucial for developing new antimicrobial therapies.

Keywords:
ADP-ribosylationNAD+NADasebacterial virulence factorimmune response evasionsecretion pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for cellular homeostasis and redox reactions.
  • Pathogens exploit NAD+ metabolism for survival and virulence.
  • Bacterial toxins can deplete host NAD+ levels, impacting cellular energy and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in bacterial NAD+-targeting toxins.
  • To highlight NAD+ modulation as an emerging bacterial pathogenesis strategy.
  • To discuss the role of these toxins in bacterial lifestyle and interbacterial competition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on bacterial NAD+-targeting toxins.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of NAD+ utilization and cleavage by bacterial effectors.
  • Exploration of the role of these toxins in bacterial pathogenesis and competition.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial NAD+-targeting toxins, including ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins and NADases, are key virulence factors.
  • These toxins contribute to host cell damage, immune evasion, and energy depletion.
  • NAD+ modulation is a significant bacterial pathogenesis strategy.
  • Specific toxins play roles in niche colonization, toxin/antitoxin systems, and interbacterial competition.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding bacterial NAD+-targeting toxins is vital for developing novel antimicrobial treatments.
  • Targeting NAD+ metabolism presents a promising avenue for combating infectious diseases.
  • Further research into toxin mechanisms, regulation, and secretion is warranted.