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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Epitranscriptomic Modifications Modulate Normal and Pathological Functions in CNS.

Anil K Chokkalla1,2, Suresh L Mehta2, Raghu Vemuganti3,4,5

  • 1Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Translational Stroke Research
|July 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epitranscriptomic modifications add extra information to RNA, regulating gene expression, especially in the brain. These RNA changes are crucial for brain function and linked to neurological disorders, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
5-MethylcytosineBrainInosineN1-MethyladenosineN6-MethyladenosinePseudouridineRNA modificationsStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • RNA modifications, known as epitranscriptomic marks, provide regulatory layers beyond genetic sequences.
  • These dynamic modifications influence RNA metabolism, including splicing, translation, and stability.
  • Epitranscriptomic marks are particularly abundant in the brain, impacting gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of epitranscriptomic regulation in the brain.
  • To explore the role of epitranscriptomics in neurodevelopmental and neuropathological conditions.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets based on epitranscriptomic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epitranscriptomic modifications in RNA.
  • Analysis of the role of epitranscriptomic regulators (writers, erasers, readers).
  • Examination of epitranscriptomic impacts on neural processes and disorders.

Main Results:

  • Epitranscriptomic modifications regulate critical mRNA metabolic steps.
  • These modifications are vital for brain functions like synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.
  • Alterations in epitranscriptomic landscapes are associated with neurological diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Epitranscriptomic regulation is a key mechanism for cellular transcriptome plasticity.
  • Understanding epitranscriptomic roles in the brain is crucial for neurological health.
  • Targeting epitranscriptomic pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for brain disorders.