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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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TIM-3: An update on immunotherapy.

Lizhen Zhao1, Shaoyun Cheng1, Lin Fan1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.

International Immunopharmacology
|July 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) regulates immune responses and apoptosis. Targeting TIM-3 offers a promising strategy for immunotherapy, particularly in combination therapies for various diseases.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesGal-9TIM-3Tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is a molecule expressed on immune cells.
  • Initially identified on Th1 cells, TIM-3 regulates T cell apoptosis via galectin-9 binding.
  • TIM-3 is also found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes, interacting with diverse ligands like HMGB1 and Ceacam-1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of TIM-3 in various diseases.
  • To explore the signaling pathway mechanisms underlying TIM-3 function.
  • To highlight TIM-3 as a potential target for novel immunotherapy strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental data on TIM-3.
  • Analysis of TIM-3 expression and function across different immune cells.
  • Investigation of TIM-3's involvement in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • TIM-3 acts as a negative regulator and immune checkpoint.
  • TIM-3 exhibits diverse ligand interactions (galectin-9, HMGB1, Ceacam-1) with varied cellular effects.
  • TIM-3 plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections, and tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • TIM-3 is a critical regulator in immune responses and disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting TIM-3 represents a promising avenue for advancing immunotherapy, especially in combination approaches.
  • Further understanding of TIM-3 signaling pathways can lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment and management of other diseases.