Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infant with congenital lobar emphysema: a case report

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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

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Bingchun Lin1, Huitao Li1, Chuanzhong Yang2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

BMC Pediatrics
|July 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare lung condition in premature infants. Early detection with CT scans and prompt surgery are crucial for managing this severe respiratory condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a cystic lung disease causing lobe overinflation and surrounding compression.
  • Symptomatic CLE often necessitates urgent surgical intervention.
  • CLE requires vigilance in extremely premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exhibiting localized emphysema on chest X-rays.

Observation:

  • A case report details a premature infant (27 weeks + 4 days gestational age) presenting with severe respiratory distress at 60 days old.
  • Chest imaging revealed right middle lobe emphysema, confirmed as CLE via histopathology.
  • This highlights a potential complication in high-risk premature infants.

Findings:

  • Premature infants, particularly those with BPD, are at risk for CLE.
  • Localized emphysema on imaging in this population warrants high suspicion for CLE.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of CLE in extremely premature infants is critical.
  • Pulmonary CT scans are essential for timely diagnosis.
  • Prompt surgical intervention can prevent delayed treatment and improve outcomes for infants with CLE.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaCongenital lobar emphysemaExtremely premature infants

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