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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Chronotherapy.

Daniel P Cardinali1, Gregory M Brown2, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal3

  • 1Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronotherapy optimizes medical treatments by aligning them with circadian rhythms. Understanding and measuring individual internal body clocks is key to improving therapeutic outcomes and managing sleep disorders.

Keywords:
ChronobioticsChronopharmacologyChronotherapyCircadian rhythmsMelatoninMetabolomicsSingle-sample gene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms govern physiological processes, influencing health and disease.
  • Dysfunction in biological clocks can lead to sleep disorders and affect treatment efficacy.
  • Chronotherapy leverages circadian rhythms for improved health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual applications of chronotherapy in medicine.
  • To highlight the impact of circadian rhythm dysfunction on sleep and therapeutics.
  • To emphasize the need for tools to measure individual circadian timing for treatment optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chronotherapy principles and applications.
  • Discussion of sleep-wake cycle regulation and disruptions.
  • Exploration of therapeutic timing and its impact on outcomes.
  • Consideration of individual variations in circadian timing.
  • Mention of advanced diagnostic methods like gene expression and metabolomics.

Main Results:

  • Chronotherapy can be used to modify sleep-wake rhythms or optimize treatment timing.
  • Circadian clock dysfunction significantly impairs sleep quality and therapeutic effectiveness.
  • Individual circadian timing is variable and impacts treatment response.
  • There is a need for objective tools to measure personal internal time.

Conclusions:

  • Chronotherapy offers a powerful approach to enhance medical treatments.
  • Personalized timing of interventions based on individual circadian rhythms is crucial.
  • Advances in diagnostics are needed to precisely measure internal body time for optimized chronotherapy.