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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cell Migration01:09

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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An Organotypic Slice Assay for High-Resolution Time-Lapse Imaging of Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain
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Cell migration guided by long-lived spatial memory.

Joseph d'Alessandro1, Alex Barbier-Chebbah2, Victor Cellerin3

  • 1Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, F-75006, France. joseph.dalessandro@ijm.fr.

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|July 6, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells leave physical and chemical trails, creating a spatial memory that influences their future movement. This self-interaction impacts cell exploration and trajectory, revealing a new understanding of cell migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Cell migration is crucial for biological functions, involving intracellular processes and external signals.
  • Cells modify their environment by altering biochemical signals and the extracellular matrix.
  • The impact of self-induced environmental changes on cell trajectories is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cells' self-induced environmental modifications affect their migration paths.
  • To explore the concept of cell trajectories as self-interacting random walks.
  • To understand the role of spatial memory in cell movement.

Main Methods:

  • Confining motile cells on 1D and 2D micropatterned surfaces.
  • Observing and analyzing the physicochemical footprints left by cells.
  • Developing theoretical models for self-interacting random walks.

Main Results:

  • Cells leave long-lived physicochemical footprints that guide their future paths.
  • Cell trajectories can be classified as self-interacting random walks.
  • These self-interactions lead to phenomena like ageing, subdiffusion, and anomalous first-passage statistics.
  • Cells exhibit a spatial memory of their past movements.

Conclusions:

  • There is a generic coupling between motile cells and their environment.
  • Cellular footprints create a spatial memory, influencing cell exploration.
  • This mechanism significantly alters how cells navigate and explore their surroundings.