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Phytocannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol show significant therapeutic potential. This review explores their pharmacology, biosynthesis, and synthetic biology approaches for large-scale medicinal production.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Biotechnology
  • Cannabis sativa L. research
  • Medicinal chemistry

Background:

  • Phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are key compounds from Cannabis sativa L.
  • These compounds interact with the endogenous cannabinoid system, influencing numerous physiological and pathological processes.
  • Current pharmaceutical applications include epilepsy, chemotherapy-induced vomiting, multiple sclerosis spasticity, and pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent pharmacological advancements in phytocannabinoids.
  • To examine biosynthetic pathways and key enzyme mechanisms for cannabinoid production.
  • To explore synthetic biology as a strategy for large-scale medicinal cannabinoid synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacological research on phytocannabinoids.
  • Analysis of biosynthetic pathways and enzyme mechanisms.
  • Exploration of synthetic biology and microbial engineering for cannabinoid production.

Main Results:

  • Phytocannabinoids possess extensive therapeutic potential, targeting the endocannabinoid system.
  • Understanding biosynthetic pathways is crucial for optimizing production.
  • Synthetic biology offers a promising alternative for scalable and standardized cannabinoid manufacturing.

Conclusions:

  • Large-scale production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol is essential for pharmaceutical demand.
  • Synthetic biology and microbial engineering provide a viable path for efficient and standardized cannabinoid synthesis.
  • This review provides a theoretical basis for developing microbial engineering strategies for medicinal cannabinoid production.