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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
463
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

7.5K
The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction
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A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction

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[Recent advances in microchip liquid chromatography].

Hanrong Wen1, Jue Zhu1, Bo Zhang1

  • 1College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Se Pu = Chinese Journal of Chromatography
|July 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) systems offer reduced solvent and sample use with enhanced separation efficiency, especially for precious biological and clinical samples. Advancements in microchip LC, including new substrate materials and fabrication methods, are driving innovation in analytical instrumentation.

Keywords:
liquid chromatography (LC)microchip chromatographymicrofluidicsminiaturizationreview

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Microfluidics

Context:

  • Miniaturization is a key trend in analytical instrument development, impacting gas and liquid chromatography systems.
  • Microscale liquid chromatography (LC) is crucial for analyzing small, precious biological and clinical samples.
  • Coupling LC with mass spectrometry (MS) benefits from low flow rates for increased ionization efficiency and sensitivity.

Purpose:

  • To review recent research progress in microchip liquid chromatography (LC) technologies.
  • To discuss the current state of commercialization for microchip LC by major instrumentation companies.
  • To highlight challenges and future directions in microchip LC development, particularly regarding substrate materials and chip design.

Summary:

  • Miniaturized LC systems, including microchip LC, reduce solvent and sample consumption while maintaining or improving separation efficiency.
  • Mass spectrometry is the preferred detection method for microscale LC due to enhanced sensitivity with low flow rates.
  • Current limitations in microchip LC stem from substrate material properties; advancements in materials and chip design are essential for further miniaturization and integration.

Impact:

  • Microchip LC offers advantages in modularization and integration of analytical systems.
  • Developments in microfabrication techniques promise to advance microscale LC beyond conventional methods.
  • Commercialization efforts by major companies like Agilent are driving the adoption of microchip LC products.