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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Bernadine N Ekpenyong1, Uchechukwu L Osuagwu1, Chundung Asabe Miner1
1Bernadine N. Ekpenyong, PhD, is Head, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu, PhD, is a Research Fellow, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, School of Medicine; and Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences; both at Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia. Chundung A. Miner, FWACP, is an Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences; Piwuna Christopher Goson, MBBS, MSc, is a Reader and Head, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences; and Tanko Ishaya, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Computer Science; all at the University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Godwin O. Ovenseri-Ogbomo, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, and Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Emmanuel Kwasi Abu, PhD, is Dean, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Raymond Langsi, MBBS, is Head, Health Division, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon. Obinna Nwaeze, MSc, DM, is a Practicing Physician, County Durham and Darlington, National Health Service Foundation, United Kingdom. Timothy G. Chikasirimobi, OD, is a Master's Student, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya. Deborah Donald Charwe, MSc, is Senior Research Nutritionist, Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Khathutshelo Percy Mashige, PhD, is a Professor, Discipline of Optometry, African Vision Research Institute, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Richard Oloruntoba, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Supply Chain Management, School of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business and Law, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia. Bernadine Ekpenyong, Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu, Godwin O. Ovenseri-Ogbomo, and Kingsley Emwinyore Agho are also Affiliates, African Vision Research Institute, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. *Co-first authors.
Abstract:
Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and associated high mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, there is panic among healthcare workers because of the higher risk of being infected. This study compared knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs) and examined common associated factors. A web-based cross-sectional study of 1,871 respondents (430 HCWs and 1,441 non-HCWs) was conducted while lockdown measures were in place in 4 regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Data were obtained using a validated self-administered questionnaire via an online survey platform. Mean scores were calculated and summarized using a t test for both groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the unadjusted (B) and adjusted coefficients (β) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The mean scores were slightly higher among HCWs than non-HCWs, but not statistically significant. Being worried about contracting COVID-19 was the only common factor associated with knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions between the 2 groups. Knowledge of COVID-19 was associated with attitudes and perceptions between the 2 groups. Other significant associated factors were: the sub-Saharan Africa region, ages 29 to 38 years (β = .32; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.60 for knowledge among non-HCWs), education (β = -.43; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.04; and β = -.95; 95% CI, -1.69 to -0.22, for knowledge among non-HCWs and HCWs, respectively), practice of self-isolation (β = .71; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.02 for attitude among non-HCWs and HCWs (β = .97; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.49), and home quarantine due to COVID-19, in both groups. Policymakers and healthcare providers should consider these factors when targeting interventions during COVID-19 and other future pandemics.
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