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Plant diversity in agroecosystems impacts pathogen adaptation. Increased migration between environments reduces pathogen persistence, highlighting the value of cultivar mixtures for disease control.

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Area of Science:

  • Agroecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding plant-pathogen interactions is crucial for sustainable agriculture.
  • Pathogen adaptation is influenced by factors like mutation, selection, and migration within diverse plant communities.
  • Agroecosystems with varied plant species present complex challenges for pathogen evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the dynamics of pathogen adaptation in a two-patch environment using partial differential equations (PDEs).
  • To investigate the impact of plant diversity, mutation, selection, and migration on pathogen population persistence.
  • To determine the conditions under which pathogens persist or face extinction in heterogeneous agroecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed PDE models for two phenotypically structured pathogen populations.
  • Incorporated mutation, selection, and migration dynamics in a two-patch system with differing phenotypic optima.
  • Analyzed local linear and nonlocal nonlinear growth functions for trait-dependent population dynamics.
  • Characterized long-term population behavior (persistence/extinction) using principal eigenvalue analysis.

Main Results:

  • Established existence and uniqueness of solutions for the PDE models.
  • Demonstrated that migration between environments generally decreases pathogen persistence.
  • Identified a 'lethal migration threshold' beyond which pathogen persistence becomes impossible.
  • Validated PDE model predictions against stochastic individual-based simulations, confirming accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Plant diversity and spatial structure significantly influence pathogen adaptation and persistence.
  • Migration acts as a limiting factor for pathogen establishment in diverse agroecosystems.
  • The findings underscore the effectiveness of cultivar mixtures in preventing and controlling plant diseases.