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Gender differences in masticatory function in elderly adults with natural dentition.

Mako Sano1, Hiroshi Shiga2

  • 1Department of Partial and Complete Denture, School of Life Dentistry At Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.

Odontology
|July 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Masticatory function, including chewing force and performance, shows significant gender differences in both elderly and young adults with natural teeth. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex when evaluating chewing ability.

Keywords:
ElderlyGender differenceMasticatory functionMasticatory performanceOcclusal force

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Masticatory function is crucial for nutrition and overall health in aging populations.
  • Natural dentition plays a key role in maintaining effective chewing.
  • Understanding gender-specific differences in masticatory function is important for targeted health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in masticatory function among elderly adults with natural dentition.
  • To compare masticatory function between young and elderly adults.
  • To explore the relationship between occlusal force and masticatory performance.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included 56 elderly adults (≥65 years) and 60 young adults (20-40 years), all with natural dentition.
  • Maximum occlusal force was measured using dental prescale on the habitual chewing side.
  • Masticatory performance was assessed by measuring glucose extraction from gummy jelly after 20 seconds of chewing.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited significantly higher maximum occlusal force than females in both age groups.
  • Males demonstrated significantly greater masticatory performance (glucose extraction) compared to females across both age groups.
  • A significant positive correlation was found between maximum occlusal force and masticatory performance.

Conclusions:

  • Gender differences in masticatory function are evident in adults with natural dentition, extending into older age.
  • These sex-based variations in chewing force and performance necessitate consideration during functional assessments.
  • The findings underscore the need for sex-specific reference values in evaluating masticatory capabilities.