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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
Published on: June 2, 2022
Insects use lubricants to minimize friction and wear in leg joints
Konstantin Nadein1, Alexander Kovalev1, Jan Thøgersen2
1Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Abstract:
A protein-based lubricating substance is discovered in the femoro-tibial joint of the darkling beetle Zophobas morio (Insecta). The substance extrudes to the contacting areas within the joint and appears in a form of filiform flows and short cylindrical fragments. The extruded lubricating substance effectively reduces the coefficient of sliding friction to the value of 0.13 in the tribosystem glass/lubricant/glass. This value is significantly lower than 0.35 in the control tribosystem glass/glass and comparable to the value of 0.14 for the tribosystem glass/dry PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon). The study shows for the first time that the friction-reducing mechanism found in Z. morio femoro-tibial joints is based on the lubricant spreading over the contacting surfaces rolling or moving at low loads and deforming at higher loads, preventing direct contact of joint counterparts. Besides Z. morio, the lubricant has been found in the leg joints of the Argentinian wood roach Blaptica dubia.
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