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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Combined structure-function analysis in glaucoma screening.

Elina Karvonen^1,2,3, Katri Stoor^4,2, Marja Luodonpää^4,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland elina.karvonen@fimnet.fi.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology

|July 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Structure-function (S-F) analysis combining spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) shows promise for glaucoma screening. Combining these methods improves diagnostic capability in middle-aged individuals.

Keywords:

diagnostic tests/investigation epidemiology glaucoma imaging

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Public Health

Background:

Glaucoma screening in middle-aged populations is crucial for early detection and intervention.
Structure-function (S-F) analysis integrates imaging and functional testing for comprehensive glaucoma assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of S-F analysis, combining spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP), for glaucoma screening in a middle-aged cohort.
To compare the diagnostic performance of SD-OCT, SAP, and S-F analysis in identifying glaucomatous damage.

Main Methods:

A randomized sample of 3001 participants aged 45-49 years underwent eye examinations, including 24-2 SAP, optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photography, and peripapillary RNFL SD-OCT.
S-F analysis reports were generated using specialized software.
Diagnostic performance was assessed against a clinical glaucoma diagnosis based on ONH/RNFL images and visual fields (VFs).

Main Results:

At 97.5% specificity, sensitivity for glaucomatous damage was 26% for SD-OCT, 35% for SAP, and 44% for S-F analysis.
Area under the curve estimates were 0.74 (SD-OCT), 0.85 (SAP), and 0.76 (S-F analysis).
A classification tree approach combining SD-OCT, SAP, and defect localization achieved 77% sensitivity at 90% specificity, with improved correlation when abnormal VFs aligned with structural defects.

Conclusions:

Standard automated perimetry (SAP) demonstrates slightly superior performance over SD-OCT in glaucoma screening for middle-aged individuals.
Structure-function (S-F) analysis enhances the diagnostic capability of glaucoma screening by integrating structural and functional data.