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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

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Triggering avalanches by transverse perturbations in a rotating drum.

Vicente Salinas1, Cristóbal Quiñinao2, Sebastián González3

  • 1Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Scientific Reports
|July 7, 2021
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Summary

Small vibrations trigger avalanches in rotating drums. The study reveals kinetic energy as the key parameter, with oscillation amplitude governing avalanche onset at high frequencies, explained by a Hopf bifurcation model.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Avalanches in granular materials are often studied in rotating drum systems.
  • The stick-slip regime in such systems is characterized by intermittent motion.
  • Understanding the triggers for avalanche onset is crucial for granular flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of small-scale perturbations in initiating avalanches.
  • To identify the appropriate order parameter for describing the system's behavior.
  • To determine the governing parameter for avalanche onset under specific conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a rotating drum system operating in the stick-slip regime.
  • Applying small-amplitude vibrations along the axis of rotation.
  • Analyzing the system's dynamics using kinetic energy as the order parameter.
  • Developing a theoretical model based on supercritical Hopf bifurcation.

Main Results:

  • Kinetic energy is identified as the order parameter describing the system.
  • Avalanche onset is governed by oscillation amplitude at high frequencies, challenging previous findings.
  • A theoretical model successfully explains the transition between continuous and discrete avalanche regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Small-scale vibrations, specifically oscillation amplitude at high frequencies, are critical for triggering avalanches.
  • The system's behavior transitions between continuous and discrete regimes via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation.
  • This research provides new insights into granular flow control and predictability.