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Effects of two different stretching techniques on proprioception and hamstring flexibility: a pilot study.

Ece Mani1, Berkiye Kirmizigil1, Emine Handan Tüzün1

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, 99628, Turkey.

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Summary

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax-antagonist-contract (CRAC) exercises and static stretching both improve hamstring flexibility. PNF CRAC exercises offer superior long-term improvement in motion sense compared to static stretching.

Keywords:
exerciseflexibilityhamstring muscleskneeproprioception

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Hamstring shortness is common and can affect flexibility and proprioception.
  • Static stretching is a widely used method to improve flexibility.
  • Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques, like CRAC, may offer alternative benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the immediate and long-term effects of PNF CRAC exercises versus static stretching.
  • To evaluate the impact on hamstring flexibility and proprioception in males with hamstring shortness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: Males with hamstring shortness.
  • Intervention: 8-week program of PNF CRAC or static stretching (3 days/week).
  • Measurements: Knee extension angle for flexibility, isokinetic dynamometer for proprioception (position and motion sense) at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and after 8 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Both PNF CRAC and static stretching significantly improved flexibility and position sense immediately and long-term.
  • Motion sense showed significant improvement in the long term specifically within the PNF CRAC group (p=0.02).
  • No significant differences were found between the two methods for flexibility and position sense in either the immediate or long-term assessments (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Both PNF CRAC and static stretching are effective for enhancing hamstring flexibility.
  • PNF CRAC demonstrates a superior long-term benefit for improving motion sense compared to static stretching.
  • The findings suggest PNF CRAC may be a more advantageous technique for improving dynamic proprioception in individuals with hamstring shortness.