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Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Published on: October 16, 2017

All-selenolate-protected eight-electron platinum/silver nanoclusters.

Tzu-Hao Chiu¹, Jian-Hong Liao, Franck Gam

¹Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan, Republic of China. chenwei@mail.ndhu.edu.tw.

|July 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel platinum/silver superatoms using selenium ligands, offering unique optical properties. These superatoms exhibit red-shifted absorption and blue-shifted emission compared to their sulfur counterparts.

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Superatoms represent a unique class of nanoscale materials with properties distinct from bulk counterparts.
Platinum-silver clusters offer potential for novel electronic and optical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel platinum/silver superatoms utilizing selenium-donor ligands.
To investigate the structural, optical, and electronic properties of these new superatomic compounds.
To compare the properties of selenium-based superatoms with their sulfur analogues.

Main Methods:

Ligand exchange reactions were employed for the synthesis of platinum/silver superatoms.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used for precise structural determination.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to rationalize electronic structures.

Main Results:

Atomically precise platinum/silver superatoms protected by Se-donor ligands were synthesized in high yield.
Structural analysis revealed an eight-electron [Pt@Ag12]4+ icosahedral core.
Selenium derivatives showed red-shifted absorption and blue-shifted emission spectra compared to sulfur analogues.
DFT calculations confirmed the eight-electron superatom electronic configuration with specific HOMO and LUMO levels.

Conclusions:

The successful synthesis of Se-donor ligand-protected platinum/silver superatoms expands the library of these unique nanomaterials.
The observed optical property shifts (red-shifted absorption, blue-shifted emission) are attributed to ligand effects and electronic structure.
These findings provide insights into the structure-property relationships of superatoms, guiding future material design.