Associations between Task-Related Modulation of Motor-Evoked Potentials and EEG Event-Related Desynchronization in
Joshua B Ewen1,2, Nicolaas A Puts3, Stewart H Mostofsky4,5
1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Insights
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show altered brain activity during motor tasks. This study compared event-related desynchronization (ERD) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures in children with and without ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Children with ADHD exhibit diminished event-related desynchronization (ERD) during motor tasks.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures offer insights into neurobiological underpinnings of brain function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare ERD and TMS measures (RMT, SICI, TRUM) between children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) controls.
- To investigate the relationship between motor task ERD and TMS measures in these groups.
Main Methods:
- Compared ERD and TMS measures (RMT, SICI, TRUM) in 14 children with ADHD (8-12 years) and 17 TD children.
- Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) for ERD and TMS for neurophysiological assessments.
Main Results:
- TD children showed correlations between higher RMT/SICI and greater alpha ERD magnitude.
- A significant difference in the association between TRUM and ERD was observed between TD and ADHD groups.
- TD children: greater TRUM linked to smaller ERD; ADHD group: greater TRUM linked to larger ERD.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest distinct patterns of cortical modulation in children with ADHD compared to TD children.
- The study provides a basis for multimodal investigations into ADHD-related cortical alterations.
Abstract:
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously shown a decreased magnitude of event-related desynchronization (ERD) during a finger-tapping task, with a large between-group effect. Because the neurobiology underlying several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures have been studied in multiple contexts, we compared ERD and 3 TMS measures (resting motor threshold [RMT], short-interval cortical inhibition [SICI], and task-related up-modulation [TRUM]) within 14 participants with ADHD (ages 8-12 years) and 17 control children. The typically developing (TD) group showed a correlation between greater RMT and greater magnitude of alpha (10-13 Hz, here) ERD, and there was no diagnostic interaction effect, consistent with a rudimentary model of greater needed energy input to stimulate movement. Similarly, inhibition measured by SICI was also greater in the TD group when the magnitude of movement-related ERD was higher; there was a miniscule diagnostic interaction effect. Finally, TRUM during a response-inhibition task showed an unanticipated pattern: in TD children, the greater TMS task modulation (TRUM) was associated with a smaller magnitude of ERD during finger-tapping. The ADHD group showed the opposite direction of association: Greater TRUM was associated with larger magnitude of ERD. Prior EEG results have demonstrated specific alterations of task-related modulation of cortical physiology, and the current results provide a fulcrum for multimodal study.
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