The Polymorphonuclear and Mast Cell Responses in Ovine Skin Infected with Orf Virus

David McEWAN Jenkinson1, Pauline E McEWAN2, Silas K Onwuka1

  • 1Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.

Insights

Neutrophils are the primary immune cells responding to early orf virus replication in skin. While trauma also causes neutrophil accumulation, orf virus infection specifically triggers a basophil response in the epidermis.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Orf virus causes skin lesions in animals.
  • Understanding the early cellular response to orf virus infection is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histological and cellular changes in scarified skin during the initial 120 hours of orf virus infection.
  • To identify the key immune cells involved in the early stages of orf virus replication.

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of scarified skin.
  • Quantification of various cell types (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells) over 120 hours post-infection.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils were the predominant polymorphonuclear cells during early viral replication, though also present due to trauma.
  • Orf virus infection did not significantly alter eosinophil or mast cell populations.
  • A distinct basophil response was observed following viral antigen appearance in the epidermis, peaking at the lesion periphery.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophils are key players in the early innate immune response to orf virus in skin.
  • Basophils are recruited to the epidermis in response to orf virus infection.
  • Eosinophils and mast cells appear less involved in the initial phase of orf virus skin infection.