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Changes in the MHC Class II+ Dendritic Cell Population of Ovine Skin In Response to Orf Virus Infection.

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The Polymorphonuclear and Mast Cell Responses in Ovine Skin Infected with Orf Virus.

David McEWAN Jenkinson1, Pauline E McEWAN2, Silas K Onwuka1

  • 1Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.

Veterinary Dermatology
|July 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophils are the primary immune cells responding to early orf virus replication in skin. While trauma also causes neutrophil accumulation, orf virus infection specifically triggers a basophil response in the epidermis.

Keywords:
BasophilsCutaneous infectionEosinophilsMast cellsNeutrophilsOrfQuantificationSheep

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Orf virus causes skin lesions in animals.
  • Understanding the early cellular response to orf virus infection is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histological and cellular changes in scarified skin during the initial 120 hours of orf virus infection.
  • To identify the key immune cells involved in the early stages of orf virus replication.

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of scarified skin.
  • Quantification of various cell types (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells) over 120 hours post-infection.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils were the predominant polymorphonuclear cells during early viral replication, though also present due to trauma.
  • Orf virus infection did not significantly alter eosinophil or mast cell populations.
  • A distinct basophil response was observed following viral antigen appearance in the epidermis, peaking at the lesion periphery.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophils are key players in the early innate immune response to orf virus in skin.
  • Basophils are recruited to the epidermis in response to orf virus infection.
  • Eosinophils and mast cells appear less involved in the initial phase of orf virus skin infection.